The Diamond of Praise – Gadal and Kabod (Magnify and Glorify!)
A Facet of Praise – Gadal and Kabod (Magnify and Glorify!)
“The area of ancient Israel’s greatest creativity, and so what they did best, was the praise of God.” (Ellen Davis, Getting involved with God). “I will extol Thee, my God, O King; And I will bless Thy name forever and ever. Every day I will bless Thee, and I will praise Thy name forever and ever. Great is the Lord Yahweh, and highly to be praised; And His greatness is unsearchable. One generation shall praise Thy works to another, and shall declare Thy mighty acts, the glorious splendor of Thy majesty, and on Thy wonderful works I will meditate.” (Psalm 145, a song of praise by David).
Scripture doesn’t define the word “praise,” but it offers plenty of descriptions. Praise can be described as an outward expression of gratitude for all that God has done for oneself, for the community, for the world. Praise is a recounting of the many blessings that God has provided in His grace and mercy. Praise is a grateful appreciation of God’s mighty works. Praise is an expression of thanksgiving to the Lord, an acknowledgement of God’s righteous deeds. To praise God is to thank God and celebrate His presence in the world.
Praise is what we were created to do, it is the chief of our ultimate satisfactions, and we won’t find personal fulfillment unless we develop the habit of forgetting ourselves and praising God. Most of us Christian believers are not following in the footsteps of our Jewish brethren and praising God with an inspired creativity. The fact is, the Hebrew Bible reveals a vocabulary of praise that will help us in our bid to be more expressive of our praise, more imaginative, more creative. The Hebrew Bible reveals praise to be a diamond with an almost uncountable number of facets. There are many words in Scripture that may translate as praise, but the reality is praise has an abundance of angles and facets and dimensions that we need to learn if we want to mature in our praise of God. The Hebrew language is loaded with words that contain the element of praise but with added qualities that expands our view of what praise could mean to us in our walk of faith. Knowing these words will help us to participate more fully and deeply in praising our God, in expressing our thanksgiving to Him in every way humanly possible. “Open my lips, O Lord, and my mouth shall proclaim Thy praise (tehillah, see below).” (Psalm 51:15 )
Praising God involves all of us, not just our intellect to think with or our bottoms to sit on. Praise and worship in the Jewish tradition is a physical experience as well as spiritual, with lots of meaningful postures and gestures, singing, multisensory, thoughtful yet expressive. Praise and worship in the Hebrew Bible invariably incorporated music and melody and instrumentation. Praise is not a spectator sport, but one that asks for full participation. As Dwight Pryor once said, “Praise is not afraid of feelings, but they are not based on feelings. If praise were a train, the engine that needs to constantly be stoked is God-focus and self-forgetfulness, and the emotional feelings are basically the caboose… still a part of things, but not what’s running the train.”
Praise is our exhale of gratitude and devotion after our inhale of God’s inspired presence. God initiates, we respond. So praising God is like our respiratory system, and unless we are breathing in God and then breathing out praise, we will spiritually expire. If we don’t learn how to respond to God’s goodness with heartfelt praise, our faith will soon become lifeless. Consider this category of “The Diamond of Praise” in the blog to be my meager attempt to polish each facet on this sparkling diamond. Each Hebrew word in this expanded vocabulary of praise will convey a different aspect of praise, and is intended to help us be more creative in our praise, more expressive, more biblical.
Being Physical with Praise. The spiritual and the physical belong together, and are in fact inseparable. We were created as whole beings with a mysterious fusion of body and spirit and soul and body and everything else that constitutes our personhood. Not only that, the Incarnation reveals how important the body is to Creator God. In a sense, the idea, the reality, of God taking on a physical body was actually a spiritual act. We need to make sure we incarnate our worship. So worship of our Creator needs to include the body if we want to worship with our whole selves. Physical acts of worship become meaningless if it is done thoughtlessly, without its intention of worshipping God. But worship is not limited to the nonphysical, the so-called spiritual either, or one is not truly involved fully in the act of worship. As Rev. Josef Ratzinger once wrote in his excellent article, The Theology of Kneeling, “The bodily gesture itself is the bearer of the spiritual meaning, which is worship. Without the heart of worship, the bodily gesture would be meaningless, while the spiritual act itself must of its very nature express itself in the bodily gestures.” So physical gestures are invaluable in the act of worship. They can point to spiritual truths, they can stimulate worshipful acts, and they can enable a fuller expression of awe, lament, adoration and worship. Using the body helps us to put the Gospel message into motion. The movement of one’s body can be a sign that communicates a message… Do you want to signal to God that you submit to Him, that you want to confess to Him, that you adore Him, that you intend to follow Him in trust? There are gestures and postures and movements that can express what is on your heart without any use of words. Body language is vital to spiritual life and expression. In this blog series entitled “Physical Worship,” I will focus on the worshipful use of the body through such gestures and movements as: prostration before God; sitting at the feet of Jesus; standing in respect and oneness; kneeling in submission; walking in order to follow; running the good race; jumping for joy; lifting up the heart and hands; offering the kiss of peace; and the act of crossing oneself with the sign of the Cross. This is important: Physical postures and actions during worship reflect the attitudes of the heart, but they can also help produce the attitudes of the heart.
“My soul shall make its boast in the Lord; the humble shall hear it and rejoice! O magnify (gadal) the Lord with me! Let us exalt His name together! (Psalm 34:2-3).
Gadal – A Hebrew worship term meaning to magnify, to make greater, to praise, to lift up, to promote, to increase in honor, to advance. The same root word is used… to magnify the Lord and may the Lord be magnified. The word gadal is used over 100 times in the Hebrew Bible, including:
“Now therefore, O Lord God, the word that you have spoken concerning me, your servant, and his house, confirm it forever, and do as you have spoken, that your name may be magnified (gadal) forever, by saying, ‘The Lord of hosts is God over Israel; and may the house of your servant David be established before you.” (2 Samuel 7:25-26);
“Let them shout for joy and rejoice, who favor my vindication; and let them say continually, ‘The Lord be magnified (gadal), who delights in the prosperity of His servant.’” (Psalm 35:27);
“Let all who seek you rejoice and be glad in you; let those who love your salvation say continually, ‘The Lord be magnified (gadal)!” (Psalm 40:16);
“May your salvation, O God, set me securely on high. I will praise the name of God with song, and shall magnify Him with thanksgiving!” (Psalm 69:30).
Kabod – Another worship term that is used to enlarge God’s presence in the world, to “glorify” God and give Him “glory.” The act of praise includes the ideas presented in both magnify and glorify, gadal and kabod. These two terms overlap in meaning, and so they are presented here together. The “glory” of God is the weighty splendor of God’s personal presence. The Lord consists of so much substance that He outweighs the world. The glory of God is heavier than the universe. To glorify God in praise, then, is to applaud the awesome reality of God’s weighty presence in the world; to make His presence clearer in the world, more obvious, greater, weightier, more credible; to live in a way that preserves God’s honor and greatness; to publicize and promote His glorious name by demonstrating and magnifying His character; to be a guardian of God’s goodness and power in the world.
“You who fear the Lord and revere Him, praise Him! All you descendants of Jacob, glorify (kabod) Him, and stand in awe of Him!” (Psalm 22:23);
“I will give thanks to You, O Lord my God, with all my heart, and will glorify (kabod) your name forever. For your mercy toward me is great, and you have delivered my soul from the depths of the nether world.” (Psalm 86:12-13).