The Gospel Story of Jonah (this post is incomplete at this time)

The Gospel Story of Jonah.

WANTED: A fearless prophet needed for a ministry to the Gentiles. Must be willing to enter the capital of an evil enemy and demand repentance for their wickedness. Preaching experience required. Must be able to endure possible ridicule or assault. Burlap leisure wear recommended. Loud voice a plus. Walking shoes a must. Must overcome initial reluctance and the temptation to disobey the Lord. Inevitable obedience required. When calling the enemy to account, a comfortable balance of justice and mercy is helpful. Maybe heavier on the mercy. Swimming skills might be needed. 

No one has claimed authorship of Jonah, but tradition has always maintained Jonah as the obvious author. He was a prophet between 793-753 BC, during the reign of Jereboam II. Jonah was a great preacher from Galilee (II Kings 14:25) during the expansion of Israel, when the borders were extended and Israel was growing in its rather arrogant nationalism. The book itself was probably written sometime between 785-760 BC, and has been accepted as historical in rabbinic literature. Jonah’s prophetic contemporaries were Amos, Isaiah, and Micah.

Jonah the book is a classic story in ancient folklore. Read the story of Pinnochio if you want an interesting allusion to Jonah. This book is unusual in prophetic literature. Most of the Bible’s prophetic books are centered on the prophet’s messages, focused on the words of the Lord being spoken by the prophet. But Jonah is all about the story, the narrative of this time during the prophet’s life. Jonah’s words in the book for the most part were contained in his song, but there were was no one around to hear those words, except God, of course.

There is much scholarly controversy about the genre of the book: a myth? an allegory? a parable? a fable? Or was it actual history, filled with unlikely but miraculous drama? The truth is that the story doesn’t fit easily into those fictional genres. So rather than force the book into a product of the imagination, it might be better to simply accept the story as true, an historical series of events in the life of a real Biblical prophet. The fact that we can point to his birthplace, his name, his father, and under whom he served as a prophet of the Lord seems to allow us in good conscience to think of his story as historical. The hero of the story isn’t Jonah, interestingly enough. The protagonist, the main character, of the book is God. Either Yahweh or Elohim is mentioned 39 times in the book. Jonah is only mentioned 18 times. God is front and center: the God who is sovereign over all creation, and can command wind, sea and fish to obey Him; the God who is attractive to pagans like the mariners and the Ninevites; the God who is universally merciful, everyone deserving a chance at redemption; the God who goes outside the borders of the Chosen People to express His accountability and judgment and compassion.

Jonah eventually became an outstanding holy fool, fearless and effective. But he was at first very reluctant to accept God’s calling to Nineveh. God’s first words to Jonah were “Arise, go to Nineveh, and cry out against it.” This was not good news to Jonah. Nineveh was the capital of Israel’s hated enemies, the Assyrians. The city was well-populated, over 120,000 people, and full of violence and cruelty. The residents there practiced witchcraft and pagan idolatry, were known in that part of the world for their atrocities, and were unspeakably inhumane. Recent excavations have shown Nineveh to be 60 miles around the city walls. In addition to being understandably fearful, Jonah was resistant to this call from the Lord because they were Gentiles. During this time Israel was extending its borders and its people were full of nationalistic pride. They wanted nothing to do with the unchosen people. These Gentiles, they thought, deserved nothing but the harshest of judgments from God.

So Jonah did not want to be the type of fool who would walk through enemy territory preaching the word of the Lord. It seemed foolhardy, too dangerous, and even unbiblical to approach Gentiles in that way. So what did Jonah do? He yielded to temptation. He takes a ship on the Mediterranean Sea going in the opposite direction, towards the magical garden spot on the coast of Spain called Tarshish. That’s quite a different assignment than the one God had planned for him. So, in God’s mercy, Jonah’s ship gets caught in a storm brought by God, he gets thrown in the Sea to quiet the storm, and then swallowed whole by a giant fish sent on assignment from our ever-creative God. Jonah wasn’t listening before, but he sure was listening to God now. The Lord finally got Jonah’s attention. And a humbled Jonah sings a mighty prayer sitting there in the digestive system of a giant fish. What kind of fish was that? It could have been a whale shark, a whale, or maybe a special one that God created just for that occasion.

Why did God in His sovereignty send a fish, of all things? Several reasons come to mind. He wanted to save Jonah from drowning. He wanted to get Jonah’s attention, not kill him. God still had plans for Jonah. God wanted to teach Jonah a lesson. God wanted to punish Jonah for running away, but the Lord didn’t want to destroy him. God wanted to give Jonah a second chance. God wanted to repeat His call to Jonah and give him another opportunity to obey. Also, Jonah was stuck in the middle of the Sea somewhere, and what more efficient method of transportation could there be than in a living submarine? And then to spit out Jonah within walking distance of Nineveh? The fish was a  miraculous act of mercy, any way you look at it.

For many readers, Jonah has become a fictional character. Many have heard this fanciful story and said it must be a fable, or an allegory, or an ancient myth. The problem with that is that Jonah was singled out as a great preacher from Galilee in 2 Kings 14:25. We can historically point out his birthplace, his name, his father, even the ruler he served under as God’s prophet. There is no getting around this… The story of Jonah is most probably true, a piece of history, as crazy as that sounds.

 

THE FISH. So Jonah hears God’s call to go to his enemy in Nineveh, he sails in the opposite direction towards Spain (Tarshish), he gets thrown into a stormy sea during his voyage, and is swallowed whole by a giant fish.

Why did God in His sovereignty send a fish, of all things? Several reasons come to mind: He wanted to save Jonah from drowning. He wanted to get Jonah’s attention, not kill him. God still had plans for Jonah. God wanted to teach Jonah a lesson. God wanted to punish Jonah for running away, not destroy him. God wanted to give Jonah a second chance. God wanted to repeat His call to Jonah, and give him another chance to obey; God wanted to transport Jonah back to shore so he could walk to Nineveh. What more efficient method of transportation in the sea could there be than in a living submarine? The fish that God provided for Jonah was a miraculous act of mercy, any way you look at it.

TRAPPED. Jonah was in quite the predicament. He was trapped inside the digestive system of a giant fish. It could have been a giant whale shark, or a whale, or maybe even a one-time miraculous fish created especially for the occasion by the Lord of Creation. Any way you look it, Jonah was confined in a genuine claustrophobic environment. Add to that the fact he was trapped in a tiny space with murky water everywhere, rotting fish, seaweed floating around and getting in his hair, and a frightening darkness with no hope of natural light. Jonah was indeed a captive audience for God. There was no way out of this solitary confinement. He expressed his feelings about his tight quarters in his song… “the deep surrounded me; the earth beneath barred me in forever.” Yet, Jonah was thankful God had saved him from the storm, and from being eaten alive by the fish. No doubt he thought about Ps. 18:16, “He reached down from on high and took hold of me; He drew me out of the deep waters.” God loves to make a way where there is no way. After three days in the fish, God had it vomit Jonah onto the shore, safe and sound. Once again, Ps. 18 says it well, “He brought me out into a spacious place; He rescued me because He delighted in me.” (v. 19). Whenever we feel constrained or trapped, remember Jonah in the fish, and call to mind God’s delight in you. Jonah’s gratitude released his spirit before he was physically rescued. God can bring us into a spacious place, a wide-open freedom of spirit, even in the midst of containment. Many people in this world are trapped in isolation and confinement. It takes a toll on the spirit. Let us continue to pray for and minister to those who are incarcerated, in detention, refugee centers, in a nursing home or hospital, or trapped in never-ending chronic pain or addiction. Ask God to free their spirit into a spacious place, liberated in the Spirit of the Lord.

The Song of Jonah

“In my distress I called  to the Lord, and he answered me.

From the depths of the grave I called for help, and you listened to my cry.

You hurled me into the deep, into the very heart of the seas,

and the currents swirled about me; all your waves and breakers swept over me.

I said, ‘I have been banished from your sight;

yet I will look again toward your holy temple.’

The engulfing waters threatened me, the deep surrounded me;

seaweed was wrapped around my head.

To the roots of the mountains I sank down;

the earth beneath barred me in forever.

But you brought my life up from the pit, O Lord my God.

When my life was ebbing away, I remembered you, Lord,

and my prayer rose to you, to your holy temple.

Those who cling to worthless idols, forfeit the grace that could be theirs.

But I, with a song of thanksgiving, will sacrifice to you.

What I have vowed I will make good.

Salvation comes from the Lord.”

(Jonah 2:1-10, NIV).

THE SONG. The song of Jonah is a prayer of thanksgiving. Because God intervened, Jonah did not drown in the stormy sea, and was not eaten by this giant fish. He survived certain death, and now in the belly of the fish it was time for some soul-searching. Jonah was somehow able to collect himself, and he gratefully addressed his God. He was immersed in Scripture, he referred to the Psalms, and he spoke to the Lord from the heart. He seemed to be  more upset over his distance from God than anything else. “I have been banished from your sight.” He was disheartened over the fact that God had abandoned him there in the fish. Jonah desperately wanted to return to the Presence of God in His holy temple. Sitting there forlorn and dejected, Jonah “remembered” the Lord. He thanked Him and worshiped Him, and vowed that he will approach God with sacrifice and thanksgiving. “What I have vowed I will make good.” Jonah seems to gain confidence in the Lord as the song progresses, from merely describing his plight and reviewing his predicament, to expressing faith in the God who has rescued him. Jonah closes with a classic Biblical statement of faith, “Salvation comes from the Lord.”

THE PSALMS. It’s no wonder Jonah’s song reads like a psalm. In fact, many scholars refer to it as a psalm. Here’s why: every single verse in Jonah’s song either quotes or alludes to a passage from the Psalms. Jonah is a prophet who knows his Scripture, is well-versed in the Psalms, and like a faithful God-follower has memorized much of the Word. There he is, stuck in the belly of a giant fish, punished for his disobedience, and Jonah brings to mind several excerpts from Scripture to comfort and strengthen him. He had hid the Word in his heart, and now it is giving life in a deadly predicament.

TURNING OUR BACKS. It is instructive to consider the various translations in order to get a full picture of Jonah’s prophetic words in verse 8:

• “Those who cling to worthless idols forfeit grace that could be theirs.” (NIV).
• “Those who worship false gods turn their backs on all God’s mercies.” (NLT).
• “Those who worship hollow gods, god-frauds, walk away from their only true love.” (Message).
• “They who cling to empty folly forsake their own welfare.”  (Tanakh).
• Those who regard empty idols forsake their hesed-mercy.” (NASB).
• “Those who pay regard to useless idols forsake their own Source of mercy and lovingkindess.” (Amplified).

Jonah knows first hand what it feels like to turn his back, coming very close to forfeiting God’s grace. At the close of his prayer-song, Jonah is thankful that God showed him mercy in the midst of rebellion. How ironic, of course, that he didn’t want to extend God’s mercy to his enemies. We need to keep thinking about any empty folly or worthless modern idols we may be following. The last thing we want to do is turn our backs on all God’s mercies.

 

AFTER THE FISH. After being spit out by the fish onto the shore near Joppa, Jonah is convinced he needs to obey the Lord’s mission and go to Nineveh. The fugitive prophet finally decides to heed the call. He might still be reluctant, his heart might still be divided, but he is no longer a rebellious renegade. God has saved him from certain death, and he is feeling morally obligated to be sure. He never wanted this mission in the first place, because the Assyrians were dreaded enemies of Israel, unspeakably cruel, and deserved nothing but judgment from the righteous Yahweh. And the people of Israel, in their nationalistic pride, wanted nothing to do with pagan Gentiles. They knew they were the Chosen People, and they acted like it. But Jonah was grateful to God, and he decided to complete his unpleasant mission to save his enemies. So Jonah walked the 500 miles to Nineveh, preached God’s fire and brimstone to the Ninevites for three days, and waited outside the city to see what would happen.

The Hebrew Bible is the most realistic book ever written. Christians might call it the Old Testament, but the stories contained within it are anything but old in the sense of outdated, hobbled by age or past their prime. These old stories remain relevant because of their inclination to show everything there was to see about its characters. The Jewish Scriptures are totally transparent, revealing the people at their high points, low points, and everything in between. Its writers had nothing to hide, evidently, and was all about real life in all its glory and all its failures. There were five biblical heroes who were revealed as all too human, all of them at low points during their life with God. These five all asked to die, they requested that the Lord take their lives. But God refused to take the lives of Moses, Elijah, Job, Jeremiah and Jonah. God had more for them to do, and anyway it was unthinkable. Of course God wouldn’t take their lives when they were at such low moments. Anyone who has ever reached their limit, who has had enough, can learn from these five real life episodes of faithful people at their lowest.

“Then Jonah went out to the east side of the city and made a shelter to sit under as he waited to see what would happen to the city. And the Lord God arranged for a leafy plant to grow there, and soon it spread its broad leaves over Jonah’s head, shading him from the sun. This eased his discomfort, and Jonah was very grateful for the plant. But God also arranged for a worm! The next morning at dawn the worm ate through the stem of the plant so it withered away. And as the sun grew hot, God arranged for a scorching east wind to blow on Jonah. The sun beat down on his head until he grew faint and wished to die. “Death is certainly better than living like this!’ he exclaimed. Then God said to Jonah, ‘Is it right for you to be angry because the plant died?’ ‘Yes,’ Jonah replied, ‘even angry enough to die!” (Jonah 4:5-9).

 

Jonah is called by God to preach repentance to his arch enemy, the hated people of Nineveh.  But Jonah did not want to be the type of fool who would walk through enemy territory preaching the word of the Lord. It seemed foolhardy, too dangerous, anti-Israel, and even unbiblical to approach Gentiles in that way. So what did Jonah do? He takes a ship on the Mediterranean Sea going in the opposite direction, towards the magical garden spot on the coast of Spain called Tarshish. That’s quite a different assignment than the one God had planned for him. So, in God’s mercy, Jonah’s ship gets caught in a storm brought by God, he gets thrown into the Sea to quiet the storm, and then swallowed whole by a giant fish sent on assignment from our ever-creative God. Jonah wasn’t listening before, but he sure was listening to God now. The Lord finally got Jonah’s attention. And a humbled Jonah sings a mighty prayer sitting there in the digestive system of a giant fish. What kind of fish was that? It could have been a giant whale shark, a gigantic whale, or maybe even a special, miraculous sea creature that God created just for that occasion.

After being spit out by the fish onto the shore near Joppa, Jonah is convinced he needs to obey the Lord’s mission and go to Nineveh. The fugitive prophet finally decides to heed the call. He might still be reluctant, his heart might still be divided, but he is no longer a rebellious renegade. God has saved him from certain death, and he is feeling morally obligated, to be sure. He never wanted this mission in the first place, because the Assyrians were dreaded enemies of Israel, unspeakably cruel, and deserved nothing but judgment from the righteous Yahweh. And the people of Israel, in their nationalistic pride, wanted nothing to do with pagan Gentiles. They knew they were the Chosen People, and they acted like it. But Jonah was grateful to God, and he decided to complete his unpleasant mission to save his enemies. So Jonah walked the 500 miles to Nineveh, preached God’s salvation to the Ninevites for three days, and waited outside the city to see what would happen.

Jonah was profoundly effective and the Spirit was moving as the people of Nineveh repented. And God mercifully forgave them of their witchcraft, pagan idolatry, and various atrocities. But soon after, Jonah resented God for His mercy, compassion, and ability to stay His anger. Jonah was disgusted that God would be true to His nature, and he even quotes Exodus 34, the great self-revelation of God’s loving character… “You are a gracious and merciful God, slow to anger, abundant in loving-kindness, who relents in sending calamity.” (Jonah 4:2).  This was the same mercy, remember, that God had just showed Jonah in the whale. But Jonah was petty and petulant, especially after the Lord sent a worm to take away his shade-plant. Jonah was upset at the shriveling up of the plant, but he wouldn’t have blinked an eye if 120,000 people would have been wiped out.

The story ends abruptly. Jonah gets a gold star for even writing this story for posterity, as he looks like a very resentful, unmerciful believer throughout most of the book. The fact that he humbly wrote the story which would only humiliate him for generations is an impressive miracle in itself. It’s interesting that Nineveh’s spiritual turnaround didn’t last for very long. 100 years after Jonah, God tapped Nahum to preach exactly the same thing to Nineveh. Only this time, they did not respond with repentance. Within a few years of Nahum, the Assyrians were obliterated by the Babylonians.

 

Isn’t it interesting that Jonah is not the main character of his own story? That’s right, God emerges as the main character. Either Yahweh or Elohim is mentioned 39 times in the story, and Jonah is only mentioned 18 times. God is front and center: the God who controls all creation, and can command wind, sea and even fish to obey Him; the God who is attractive to pagans like the mariners in the boat and the Ninevites; the God who is universally merciful, giving everyone a chance at redemption; the God who goes outside the borders of the Chosen People to express His accountability, His judgment, and His compassion; the God who wouldn’t give up on a reluctant prophet no matter what that prophet did to avoid Him. It seems that in every story of a holy fool, the Lord ends up being the central character. And that’s the way it should be.

Here is an animated version of the Jonah story, with a catchy soundtrack. Enjoy.

Jonah And The Whale. Animated bible songs for children. Two By 2 – YouTube

JESUS AND JONAH. One day a group of Pharisees came to Jesus and demanded that He perform a miracle. In their minds, this would prove his authority to say what He has been saying. This was a strange request, since all they had to do was follow Jesus around for a day or two and witness any number of healings and miracles. Jesus was offended that they wouldn’t recognize and accept the truth about God and the Messiah. Jesus was displeased that they continued to question His authority. He didn’t mince words and said that “only an evil, adulterous generation would demand a miraculous sign.” He then said that He will give them the “sign of Jonah” to prove He is the Messiah. Just as Jonah was given a new life, so to speak, after three days in the fish, Jesus would come back to life after three days in the tomb. Perhaps then the people would recognize the truth and repent, like the people of Nineveh. Maybe then the people would have the evidence they seem to need to prove His authority. Jesus sadly noted then that “Now someone greater than Jonah is here – but you refuse to repent.” (Matt. 12:39-42; Luke 11:29-30; Matt. 16:4).

“Jesus answered and said to them, ‘An evil and adulterous generation craves for a sign, and yet no sign shall be given to it but the sign of Jonah the prophet; for just as Jonah was three days and three nights in the belly of the fish, so shall the Son of Man be three days and nights in the heart of the earth.’” (Matt. 12:39-49). “For just as Jonah became a sign to the Ninevites, so shall the Son of Man be to this generation.” (Luke 11:30)

And this is the first “sign of Jonah” mentioned by Jesus. Jonah was as good as dead sitting there in the giant sea creature. Any reasonable person would have assumed that, after three days and nights, he would never come out of this alive. But Jonah was given new life, a fresh start, and Jesus used this story as a symbol of the Passion and Resurrection. Jesus said that the Good News of His death, burial and resurrection was acted out there in the middle of the sea by Jonah and the gigantic whale.

And here is the second “sign of Jonah” noted by Jesus. Jonah preached the Gospel to the Ninevites, the Good News that salvation is not only for God’s chosen people. Jonah proclaimed that God’s mercy is so wide that even the treacherous Ninevites can be forgiven through their repentance. Ironically, God’s mercy can even select those not “chosen.” The Ninevites will be saved because the God of the Hebrews loves all people, not just the Jews. This is quite a wake-up call for the Jews, including Jonah.